GrammarN2

5 chapters · 19 points

1. Timing and opportunity

4

〜うちにWhile ~ / before it's too late 〜たびにEvery time ~〜ついでにWhile you're at it / on the way 〜に際してOn the occasion of

2. Change and extent

4

〜にしたがってAs ~ / in accordance with 〜に伴ってAlong with / as ~ happens 〜にわたってOver / throughout (extent)〜をきっかけにTaking ~ as an opportunity/trigger

3. Adding and emphasising

4

〜上にIn addition to (what's more)〜に加えてIn addition to ~〜からこそPrecisely because ~〜をはじめStarting with ~ / including ~

4. Degrees of certainty

3

〜に違いないMust be (strong certainty)〜かねないMight / there's a risk that 〜にすぎないIs no more than

5. Constraints and criteria

4

〜ざるを得ないCannot help but / have no choice 〜に反してAgainst / contrary to 〜にかかわらずRegardless of ~〜をもとにBased on ~