GrammarN1

4 chapters · 15 points

1. Grounds and criteria

4

〜に基づいてBased on ~ / grounded in 〜に即してBased on / in line with 〜をもってWith ~ / by means of (formal)〜いかんによってはDepending on ~

2. Uniqueness and worth

4

〜ならではUnique to / only possible with 〜をおいてApart from ~ / there is no other 〜に足るWorthy of / sufficient to 〜たるBeing ~ / as a ~ (formal identity)

3. Building an argument

4

〜にほかならないIs nothing other than / is precisely 〜こそあれWhile there may be ~〜に至ってはWhen it comes to ~ (extreme case)〜とあってBecause ~ (special circumstance)

4. Describing events

3

〜をめぐってOver / surrounding (an issue)〜を余儀なくされるBe forced to ~〜んばかりAs if about to ~